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Bca4010
Spring 2016
Sem 4th
Q1. What is
OSI model? Explain all its layers with diagram.
Answer: Before 1990’s data communication model had
been used, in 1990’s open system Interconnection (OSI) was used. Later TCP/ Ip
protocol suit has been developed such that it was easy to use and efficient to
other. Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a
multinational body dedicated
2 What is
Message and Packet switching?
Answer: Message
switching
Message switching was the precursor of packet
switching, where messages were routed in their entirety and one hop at a time.
It was first introduced by Leonard Kleinrock in 1961. Message switching systems
3 List the
design issues related to Data Link Layer.
Answer: To accomplish the above goals, the data
link layer takes the packets from the network layer and encapsulates bit stream
into units called frames for transmission. Note that frames are nothing more
than “packets'' or “messages''. By convention, we'll use the term ``frames''
when discussing DLL packets. Each frame contains a frame header, a payload
field for holding the packet, and a frame
4 Briefly
explain Point-to-Point Protocol.
Answer: Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a
network-specific standard protocol with STD number 51. Its status is elective,
and it is described in RFC 1661 and RFC 1662. The standards defined in these
RFCs were later extended to allow IPv6 over PPP, defined in RFC 2472. There are
a large number of proposed
5 Briefly
explain five parts of Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.
Answer: MIME can be described in five parts:
Ø
Protocols
for including objects other than US ASCII text mail messages within the bodies
of messages conforming to RFC 2822. These are described in RFC 2045.
6
Distinguish between IPV4 and IPV6 addressing schemes
Answer: IPV4
Addressing
An IP address is an identifier that is
assigned at the Internet layer to an interface or a set of interfaces. Each IP
address can identify the source or destination of IP packets. For IPV4, every
node on a
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