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MB0038: Management Process
and Organizational Behaviour
Q1 What do you mean by Span of Control? Differentiate between
narrow span of control and wide span of control. Describe the factors that
influence the span of control.
·
Meaning of span of control
·
Difference between narrow
and wide span of control
·
Factors that influence
span of control
Answer.
Span of control
The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can
directly control is called as span of control. This number varies with the type
of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work
increases it to twenty or more.
Q2 Define the term controlling. What are the pre-requisites
of effective control?
·
Definition of controlling
·
Pre-requisites of
effective control
Answer.
Definition of controlling
Controlling can be defined as measuring and correcting of
performance to achieve the organisational goals. According to Brech,
“Controlling is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of checking
actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure
adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a
contribution to possible future needs.
Q3 Define the term ‘personality’. Describe Cattell’s
Personality Factor Model.
·
Definition of Personality
·
Cattell’s Personality
Factor Model
Answer.
Definition of Personality
The term 'personality' means
different things to different people. Its root, of course, lies in the Latin
term 'persona' meaning 'speak through' and denoted the mask worn by actors in
Greece and Rome. To the common man, it means external appearances and
behaviour, to the psychologists it
means the inner awareness of self
as a permanent organizing force, and to the manager, it denotes the measurable
traits, both inner and outer which can predict the performance in an organisation.
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Q4 Discuss the contemporary theories of motivation. 10
·
Explanation of
contemporary theories of motivation
Answer.
Contemporary theories of motivation
ERG Theory: Alderfer (1972) classifies needs
into three categories –
1) The existence category that
provides our basic material existence requirements (akin to Maslow’s
physiological and safety),
2) Relatedness category which
provides relationship and social status (akin to Social) and
3) Growth category which refers to
personal development (akin to esteem and self-actualisation).
McClelland’s Theory of Needs: McClelland’s (1961) theory focuses
on three needs: achievement, power, and
Q5 What are the factors that affect group behaviour? 10
·
Explanation of factors
that affect group behaviour 10
Answer.
Factors that affect group behaviour
There are several factors that
affect group behaviour in addition to the group process. These factors affect
the group process and group decision making and hence it is important to learn
about them.
Norms
Norms can be defined as “acceptable
standards of behaviour that are shared by the group members.” This is a
guideline
Q6 Define the term ‘leadership’. Write a brief note on
“Contingency
·
Theories of Leadership”
·
Definition of Leadership
·
Contingency Theories of
Leadership
Answer.
Definition of Leadership
Leadership is the art of motivating
a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. This definition of leadership
captures the leadership essentials of inspiration and preparation. Effective
leadership is based upon ideas but won't happen unless those ideas can be
communicated to others in a way that engages them.
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