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DRIVE-
Summer 2014
PROGRAM/SEMESTER-
MBADS – (SEM 3/SEM 5) / MBAN2 / MBAFLEX – (SEM 3) / PGDISMN – (SEM 1)
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME- MI0034- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Q1.
Suppose the employee name, employee id, designation, salary, attendance and
address of any employee has to be stored in a database. You can store these
data in a sequential address book or it can be stored on a hard disk, using a
computer and software like Microsoft Excel. Using this example define a
database. List and explain the various
procedures carried on in a DBMS with a detailed example of the database.
(Defining
a database- 1 mark, listing the 3 procedures – 3 marks, explanation- 3 marks,
one examples for each of them - 3 marks)
Answer.
DBMS
|
A DBMS is a complex set
of software programs that controls the organization, storage and retrieval of
data in a database.
|
Procedures
Database Environment
Let us take an example
of name, roll number, class, section, attendance and marks of the students of
any class. One can have the note of these data in a sequential address book or
it can be stored on a hard disk, using a laptop and software like
Q2.
Level 2 cache has got higher latency than Level 1 by 2 times to 10 times in 512
KiB or more. Its value is nearer to kilobyte. This is one of the levels of
memory hierarchy. Define memory
hierarchy. What are the other levels in memory hierarchy? Explain in one life
each for each of them. (defining memory hierarchy- 1 mark, listing the 6 levels -3 marks, explanation- 6
marks) 10 marks
Answer.
Memory
hierarchy: It is used in the theory of computation when discussing performance issues in computer architectural
design, algorithm predictions, and the lower level programming constructs such as involving locality of reference. A 'memory hierarchy' in computer storage distinguishes each level in the 'hierarchy' by response time.
Since response time, complexity, and capacity are related, the levels may also
be distinguished by the controlling technology.
Q3.
|
EMPLOYEE
EMP_ID NAME PROJECT SALARY DEPT_NUM
MUL1 Raashi PR2 30000 1
MUL2 Taashi PR1 43000 2
SMU1 Raksha PR3 25000 3
SMU2 Vidhesh PR2 50000 2
SMU3 Akhilesh PR1 83000 2
|
|
DEPARTMENT
DEPT_ID DNAME PLACE
1 HRM Bangalore
2 MIS Bangalore
3
Research
Chennai
4
Finance
Bangalore
Using these
tables answer the following question
a. If we
want to see all the employees with salary between 40000 and 50000, which
query can be used?
b. Select
employee name from EMPLOYEE table, whose name starts with R
c. Explain
aggregate functions and grouping in detail
a. Query based in BETWEEN OPERATOR
b. Query based in LIKE condition
|
|
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c.
Explaining aggregate functions on select statement, with an example, showing
the output of the query, explaining having clause, with example
Solution.
|
We'll briefly describe most of the query types, although in this course we'll focus on the most commonly used query type, the select query.
A select query retrieves data from one or more tables and displays the recordset in a datasheet. You can also use a select query to group data, and to calculate sums, counts, averages, and other types of totals, although we won't cover calculations
Q4.
Consider a book is written by a particular author. And you have to explain to
some one the relationship that exists between the author and the book. Normally
you can draw a diagram and show the relation. These diagrams are called
entity-relationship diagram in which book is one entity, author is one entity,
and the relationship that exists between the two entities is written. Likewise
explain the various notations used to represent the ER diagram. (Listing the
notations with diagrams – 5 marks, explaining each one of them in one line with
example each-5 marks )
Answer:
The symbols used to design an ER diagram are shown.
Q5.
Consider any database of your choice (may be simple banking
database/forecasting database/project management database). Show the deduction
of the tables in your database to the different types of normal forms
(Choosing
a proper database-2 marks, Explaining the 5 normal forms with respect to the
database chosen-8 marks) 10 marks
Answer.
Normal forms Based on
Primary Keys
A relation schema R is
in first normal form if every attribute of R takes only single atomic values.
We can also define it as intersection of each row and column containing one and
only one value. To transform the un-normalized table (a table that contains one
or more repeating groups) to first normal form, we identify and remove the
repeating groups
Q6.
Read the following case study thoroughly and answer the following questions:
Laxmi
bank is one of the largest private sector banks of India. It has an extensive
network of more than 200 branches. It offers banking services to retail as well
as corporate clients. The bank faced a challenge in integrating multi-pronged
database management system into a centralized system. The IT department of the
bank also realized that the computing capabilities of its PCs and servers were
not proportionately distributed among all its branches. Each branch had its
database management system stored in a traditional way on the disk. The total
cost of operating and maintaining the current IT infrastructure was very high
and the fundamental shortcomings added to the costs. Moreover, there were also
recurrent problems due to the malfunctioning of the currently operational
database management system. Therefore, the bank’s top management decided to fix
the problem and operationalise a robust database management system. The bank
hired an external database technology consulting firm called AKPY Info systems
Limited.
AKPY
divided the entire IT infrastructure of the bank around two verticals. The
retail banking vertical and the corporate banking vertical. All the individual
database servers from the individual branches were removed. The entire database
system was made virtual such that the managers and the staff can access only
the required information (related to retail banking or corporate banking) from
the respective centralized data centers. There were only two such centralized
data centers (one for retail banking and another for corporate banking) that
were managed centrally. Staff and managers could access the information through
their PCs and laptops. Centralized database management system complemented the
security system by bringing in
authentication through a unified ID management server. Managers and officers of
the bank were able to process half a million transactions per month in real
time after the new implementation. There were significant savings in the cost
and also in the consumption of power. Now there were no problems with regard to
imbalances in the load across various network servers. Due to centralized data
management, top management could keep an eye on the functioning of various
branches. Hence the cases of fraud and cheating reduced considerably. The bank
managers could also process the loan applications in reduced time since the
customer’s previous records could be accessed at the click of the button and
approval from the higher authorities could be obtained in real time. Moreover
the new system also brought in many applications that helped local managers in
the decision making process.
a.
List the uses of centralized data management
b.
What steps Laxmi bank need to take if it were to change its centralised
database system to a distributed database system in future?
(a.
Listing the uses from the from the case study-2 marks, b. Explaining about data
fragmentation, replication and allocation techniques-6 marks, c. Is it possible
to replicate the centralised database management model of the bank-2 marks) 10
marks
Answer.
a)
Uses of centralized
data management
A centralized database is a database
located and maintained in one location, unlike a distributed database. One main
advantage is that all data is located in one place. A centralized data
management system can be use as:
1.
The
Two such centralized data centers (one for retail banking and another for
corporate banking) that were managed centrally. Staff and managers could access
the information through their PCs and laptops.
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