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PROGRAM-
BSc IT
SEMESTER-
FIRST
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME- BT0066, Database Management Systems
CREDIT-3
BK
ID- B0950
MAX.
MARKS- 60
1.
What do you mean by entity and attributes in E-R diagram? Explain the
importance of E-R diagram. 6+4
Answer.
Entities and their
attributes
The
entity-relationship (E-R) data model based on a perception of real world that
consists of a set of basic objects called entities, and of relationships
among these objects. It was developed to facilitate database design by allowing
2.
Explain the following terms:
·
Relational database
schema
·
Entity Integrity
·
Referential Integrity
·
Referential Integrity
Constraints
Answer.
Relational
database schema
A set S of relation
schemas that belong to the same database. S is the name of the database.
3.
What do you mean by indexed sequential file organization? Explain with the help
of an example. 7+3
Answer.
Sequential File
Organization
A sequential file is
designed for efficient processing of records in sorted order based on some
search-key. A search key is any attribute or set of attributes; it need
not be the primary key, or even a superkey. To permit fast retrieval of
4.
What is the system catalog in RDBMS? Also explain what information is stored in
the system catalog. 5+5
Answer.
System Catalog In A
Relational DBMS
We can store a
relation using one of several alternative file structures, and we can create
one or more indexes each stored as a file on every relation. Conversely, in a relational
DBMS, every file contains either the tuples in a relation or the entries in an
index. The collection of files corresponding to users' relations and indexes
represents the data in
5.
What do you mean by semantics of TRC queries? Give an example of TRC queries. 5+5
Answer.
Semantics of TRC
Queries
What does a TRC query
mean? More precisely, what is the set of answer tuples for a given TRC query?
The answer to a TRC query { T | p(T) }, as we noted earlier, is
the set of all tuples t for which the formula p(T)
evaluates to true with variable T assigned the tuple value t. To
complete this definition, we must state which assignments of tuple values to
the free variables in a formula make the formula evaluate to true. A query is
evaluated on a given instance of the database. Let each free variable in a
formula F be bound to a tuple value. For
6.
Explain vertical fragmentation with the help of an example. 7+3
Answer.
There are two
different schemes for fragmenting a relation: horizontal fragmentation and
vertical fragmentation. Horizontal fragmentation splits the relation by
assigning each tuple of r to one or more fragments.
Vertical Fragmentation
In its most simple
form, vertical fragmentation is the same as decomposition. Vertical fragmentation
of r(R)
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